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‘True education means to empower others and leave the world a little better than that… ..’
Jyotirao Phule not only said this but also continued on this principle throughout his life. He saw a bad situation of girls and Dalits. At that time, Dalits used to walk on the road and walk on the back so that the road they walked can walk. Widow women were not allowed to enjoy any happiness of life. When Jyotiba saw all this, he decided that all these lives have to be improved. For this, he made education a weapon.
Jyotirao alias Jyotiba Phule was born on 11 April 1827 in Maharashtra. From 1888, he also came to be called Mahatma. He has been a social activist, businessman and social reform. Jyotiba and his wife Savitribai Phule have been among the earliest people working for the education of women and Dalits in the country.
Starting by teaching wife
Jyotiba was married to Savitribai Phule. Jyotiba started education for girls from her own home. He first started teaching his wife. When Jyotiba worked in the fields, Savitri used to bring food for him in the afternoon. Meanwhile, Jyotiba started teaching him. After this, both of them opened the first school for girls in Pune.
Jyotiba started by teaching his wife to write and read.
Apart from Savitribai, Jyotiba taught her sister Sagunabai Sirsagar to write Marathi.
Jyotiba saw that after the husband passed away, the hair of widow women was cut off and she was completely dependent on others. Apart from this, Dalit women were also being exploited in the society. Seeing this, Jyotiba felt that her life could be better only by educating women.
First school opened for girls in Pune
Jyotiba, along with wife Savitribai, opened the first school for girls in Pune. But the people of Pune started opposing it. Both were boycotted by their family and community to open a school.
During this, Jyotiba’s friend Usman Sheikh kept him in his house and also helped to run school. After this, both of them opened two more schools. By 1852, both had opened three schools in which 273 girls were studying.
Controversy over Phule film, release postponed
A film named ‘Phule’ has been made in Bollywood on the life of Jyotiba Phule and Savitribai Phule. In this, Prateek Gandhi Jyotiba Phule and Patralekha are playing the role of Savitribai Phule.
The film was to be released on 11 April. But due to the increasing controversy, its release date has been postponed. Actually, some people of Brahmin society raised questions about the film that the film is tarnishing the image of Brahmins. Therefore the film should not be released. Many organizations have also protested regarding this.
The Central Board of Film Certification i.e. CBFC has said that it should be released only by removing objectionable dialogues from the film.
Phule is playing the role of Patralekha (left) Savitri Bai and Prateek Gandhi (right) Jyotiba in the film.
Girls leaving school due to lack of toilet
The state of women’s education in India has improved compared to previous years. In the year 2021, the female literacy in India was 71.5%. Female literacy was found to be 66% in rural areas.
Apart from this, the enrollment of women has increased in higher education. In 2021-22, there were 2.07 crore female candidates in Higher Education. This figure was 32% higher than in 2014-15.
However, there are still some challenges that act as a hindrance to women’s education. There is a big reason for not having a clean toilet in schools, due to which girls stop coming to school in adolescence. Apart from this, girls could not go to school due to reasons like housework, marriage and molestation.
Reservation for girls in college, scholarship
In order to promote women’s education, they are given many types of advantages. Many central and state universities reserve some percentage of seats in their colleges for girls.
In the year 2018, 20% of the seats in IITs were reserved for women candidates. These are supernumerarie seats, that is, this reservation will not affect the general seats. Apart from this, many NITs also have such a provision. Many Nits offer scholarships to women candidates. Girls get discounts in cut-off marks during PHD Admisons in universities.
Apart from this, many financial ad schemes run from the government for the education of girls…
- CBSE flight- is for girls bringing good marks in 11th and 12th. Girls who prepare for engineering entrance exams get the benefit of this.
- Kanya Vidya Dhan Yojana- After passing 12th, girls are given cash incentives.
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